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Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high.

事实上，所有的专家都同意按服务收费的系统——医生的报酬取决于医疗服务的数量，而不是质量或效率——是医疗成本如此高的一个主要原因。

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There is the cost of your service or product (your time, materials or costs), the fee or prices you would charge on the open market, and then there is the value you would put on it when trading for something you might never have had the luxury nor the budget for.

FORBES: Bartering for Survival - Have I Got A Deal for You

Each business decides whether to pass the PFE on to its customers or absorb the fee internally.

FORBES: Online Sales Tax Inevitable, Senate Passes Marketplace Fairness Act

The First-tier Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) Fees Order 2011 also sets out conditions under which an appellant may be exempt from paying or have the fee refunded.

BBC: Government to set fees for immigration appeals