surnames or titles 姓氏或标题 ; 姓名或名称
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names.
最早的姓，或者姓氏，来自地名。
Hundreds of occupational surnames are at once familiar to us, or at least recognizable after a little thought: Archer, Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few.
数以百计的职业姓氏对我们来说曾经是熟悉的，或者至少稍加思考就能辨认出来：阿切尔、卡特、费雪、梅森、撒切尔、泰勒等等。
The article al (also written as el) may be attached to surnames directly, separated from surnames with a hyphen or a space, or omitted altogether.
词条al(阿拉)可以写为el(艾拉)，它可以直接通过使用连字号或空格与人的姓氏写在一起，或省掉不写。
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