surnames or titles 姓氏或标题 ; 姓名或名称
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names.
最早的姓，或者姓氏，来自地名。
Hundreds of occupational surnames are at once familiar to us, or at least recognizable after a little thought: Archer, Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few.
数以百计的职业姓氏对我们来说曾经是熟悉的，或者至少稍加思考就能辨认出来：阿切尔、卡特、费雪、梅森、撒切尔、泰勒等等。
She gave her children the Shields name, which may have hinted at their paternity or simply been the custom of former slaves taking their master's surnames.
她给孩子起的名字是谢尔兹，这也许暗示着孩子们的父亲的身份，也许只是按照过去农奴制的习惯，以她们主人的姓氏来给孩子们命名。
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