Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans.

1815年以前，美国的产品制造是由熟练的工匠们在家里或商店里完成的。

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Since then, some 5.3 million jobs, or one-third of the workforce in manufacturing, have been lost.

从那以后，大约有530万个工作岗位消失了，相当于制造业劳动力的三分之一。

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The decline started in the 1950s, when manufacturing generated a sturdy 28% of the national income, or gross domestic product, and employed one-third of the workforce.

衰退始于20世纪50年代，当时制造业创造了28%的国民收入（国内生产总值），并且雇佣了三分之一的劳动力。

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But it said the monopoly was in manufacturing -- not in trade or interstate commerce.

VOA: special.2010.06.03

He was granted more than 600 patents. His ideas for processes or devices are used in bar-code scanners, automated warehouse manufacturing systems,fax and automated teller machines, the crying baby doll, and Sony Walkman portable cassette player.

VOA: standard.2009.12.18

In the past, biotech has never succeeded in areas like mining or manufacturing in the same way it did in medicine.

FORBES: Magazine Article

More prosaically, and perhaps more realistically, all British companies, whether in manufacturing or in services, would benefit from clearer, more predictable taxes and streamlined regulation.

ECONOMIST: A briefing on the British election

In a recent study of seven different sectors of the Thai economy, McKinsey, a consultancy, found that poor government regulation was the single biggest barrier to productivity growth in almost every instance, whether in manufacturing or services, in export-oriented or locally consumed products.

ECONOMIST: Give it a chance