Past mathematical models of evolution have focused largely on how populations respond to point mutations - random changes in single nucleotides on the DNA chain, or genome.

过去有关进化的数学模型主要用于研究点突变对物种的影响，即DNA链或基因组中的单核苷酸的随机突变。

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The researchers decoded the entire genetic instruction book, or genome, of each sample. All the isolates are variations of a MRSA strain known as sequence type 239, or ST239.

研究者解码了每株样品的全部基因库或基因组，发现它们全是MRSA菌株的变种，被称作ST239型的新菌株。

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It seems longer, but it was only seven years ago that the human genome Project deciphered the sequence of the 3 billion nucleotides that make up a single human blueprint or genome.

可能你觉得这事已经过去很久了，然而实际上仅仅是七年前人类基因图谱项目才绘制了30亿个碱基对的序列图谱，这项成果建立了一个单个人体的基因图谱。

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The genetic map,or genome, of the panda is the first for a member of the bear family.

VOA: special.2010.01.19

The goal of that was to take for a typical human, or for a typical - in the case of the human genome project maybe you're looking at fruit flies, you want to look at all the DNA in a fruit fly, but to look at the sequence of base pairs that makes up human DNA and write them all out; we'll talk about that later.

这个计划的目的是,建立一个有代表性人类的基因顺序,或者说是典型的人类基因组,就人类基因组计划来说,或许你在研究果蝇,你想观察果蝇内的所有DNA,而人类基因组计划是观察组成人类的,DNA的碱基对顺序并且将它们记录下来,我们不久之后会讨论这些内容

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The cow genome is more similar to humans than to mice or rats.

VOA: special.2009.05.05

DeCODE's new service will allow anyone to get one million points on his or her genome scanned using newfangled DNA chips.

FORBES: Personal Genome Race Goes Into Overdrive

For example, they could delete genes to determine how much of the genome is needed for survival, or see how much genome scrambling it takes to produce a new species.

FORBES: Yeast Goes Synthetic

Indeed studies have demonstrated that such cell lines are either depleted of mtDNA (12) or that the mitochondrial genome is highly mutated (13).

FORBES: Big Study Linking Chronic Fatigue To Virus May Be Fatally Flawed