Ribosomes build proteins by linking chemical segments fashioned from instructions delivered via messenger RNA, which is DNA's molecular cousin. Each segment, or amino acid, corresponds to a trio of bases in the message that, in turn, complement trios encoded in transfer RNA. Each base in the trio corresponds to a single chemical complement found on the RNA. In order for protein synthesis to occur, the tRNA must bind to the ribosome at two distinct sites -- one to decode the information and another to link the new amino acid to the emerging protein.
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All the 4 strains of cellulolytic bacteria and mixed rumen microbes can grow in the chemically defined medium with ammonia-nitrogen or peptide or amino acid as the sole nitrogen source.
所选4株菌和混合瘤胃微生物既能在氨氮为唯一氮源的合成培养基中生长，又能在含有肽和氨基酸的合成培养基中生长。
Each codon either codes for an amino acid or tells the cell to stop making a protein chain.
每一个密码子或者编码一种氨基酸，或者告诉这些细胞停止生产这个蛋白质链。
The molecules of this protein are more or less globular, and are held in that shape by internal cross-links between different parts of the amino-acid chain of which the protein is composed.
这种蛋白质的分子多少像个球形，构成该蛋白质的氨基酸链的不同部分之间有内部交叉联结，正是这种力量使这些分子保持那种形状。
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