In nature, operation research or management science is still 'an artificial science '.

本质上，管理运筹学仍然是一种人为科学。

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As the Economist went to press it was unclear whether Iran would accept or haggle over the deal, which would keep in operation a research reactor that makes medical isotopes.

本期《经济学人》付印之前，伊朗是否接受或讨价还价这项片面协议交易尚不明朗，该协议将使制造医学上同位素的一座研究反应炉维持运转。

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Q. I'm told I need an operation. What kind of research should I be doing, or should I be doing any research?

我被告之需要接受手术。我将要被用于那种研究，或者说，我应该被用做任何研究吗？

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At the time, it had a significant brokerage operation but did not have the research or investment-banking conflicts of interest that saddled full-service firms.

FORBES: Life After Wall Street

Adding Biogen Idec would graft labs in California and Massachusetts to this just-created construct, or else shift them into a parallel research and development operation Pfizer is just starting to build from close to scratch out of San Francisco.

FORBES: Should Pfizer Buy Biogen? No.