Whereas gangs were once extremely local—defined by their territory—crime is now much more globalised, says Charlie Edwards of the Royal United Services Institute, a think-tank.

一个智囊团——英国皇家联合服务研究院的查理·爱德华说，曾经的帮派都是按照他们的领地划分，具有本土化特点，而现在的犯罪则更加全球化。

youdao

The slum is a stronghold of gangs once loyal to Mr Aristide.

ECONOMIST: At last, a bridge of sorts to the future | The

This is the third time the race has taken place in the Complexo do Alemao, a vast area of interconnected slums once ruled by some of the most powerful drug gangs in Brazil.

BBC: Rio peace race retraces favela drug lords' escape route