Many payouts are low -- $100 to $500, which might not pay for a semester's worth of books or beer -- and the amount of work required to apply is often substantial.

许多获得的奖学金金额很低，只有100~500美元，这些钱甚至不够一个学期的书费或者是喝啤酒的钱，而为了申请这样的奖学金所做的工作却是相当多。

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Such state incentives are widespread, and often substantial, but they don't do much to attract jobs.

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Yet, in this behavior, as in other areas of life, there is a gap, often a substantial one, between what people say and what they actually do.

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In addition to having to make up for often very substantial, but contingent equity, pension and other values left behind, the board wants, by definition, someone who is successful where he or she is and more often than not needs to be induced to change course.

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