Off-chip memory latency is mainly determined by DRAM latency, and memory bandwidth is determined by data transfer rate through the memory bus.

片外存储系统的访存延迟主要由DRAM延迟决定，带宽则是由内存总线的数据传输率所决定。

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Whereas creating a memory-chip industry is mostly a matter of buying fabrication equipment off the shelf, classier chips require lots of well-trained engineers, research and technology partners elsewhere in the computer industry.

ECONOMIST: Semiconductors