Energy provision is usually estimated from estimates of substrate-level phosphorylation and glycolytic flux.

通常根据底物水平的磷酸化和糖酵解通量的估计来估计能量供应。

youdao

The rate of substrate change is dependent of substrate concentration.

被酶作用物变化速率取决于被酶作用物的浓度。

youdao

The concentration of substrate was nearly linear with the reaction time.

底物浓度与反应时间存在近似的线性关系。

youdao

The paper thus acted as the dielectric between the components of each transistor, as well as being the substrate for the circuit, in the same way that the base of a silicon chip acts both as substrate and as dielectric.

ECONOMIST: A new use for a common material

The panel is built using Samsung's existing manufacturing processes, only instead of using a glass substrate for the TFT it uses resin, which results in a tiny reduction in thickness (fro 0.5mm to 0.44mm), but a huge reduction in weight from 130g to just 28g, excluding backlights.

CNN: Samsung teases 10-Inch Galaxy Tab

The consortium's technology builds its transistors inside a sliver of pure silicon, laid on top of an insulator, which in turn sits on top of a standard wafer, the substrate on which transistors are constructed.

ECONOMIST: Transistors