A number of entirely new experimental and observational methods have grown to maturity.

许多崭新的实验和观察方法已趋成熟。

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There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods.

描述性研究法一共分为三类：观察法，案例分析法以及调研法。

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However, problems in these projects include a lack of dynamic observations, differences in observational methods, and data integration.

这些计划存在的主要问题是缺少动态的监测、研究方法不统一、数据整合困难等。

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Instead of relying only on the literature, we can and should develop and utilize computational methods to reverse engineer disease pathways from observational data, followed by simulated therapeutic interventions that will guide real treatments (see Figure 1 here).

FORBES: Watson: Fighting the Last War

Climate-services companies are developing new modeling and observational tools, innovative forecasting products and advanced information dissemination methods designed to master the mechanics of climate and weather.

FORBES: Global Warming's Other Big Business Opportunity