Unfortunately, the object raising the events cannot know ahead of time which event handler is handling a specific event.

遗憾的是，引发事件的对象无法提前知道哪个事件处理程序正在处理特定事件。

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Aspects also have the ability to modify object state and behavior in new, more fine-grained ways, raising worries about maintaining system integrity, robustness, and even comprehension.

方面还有用新的、更精细的方式修改对象状态和行为的能力，从而引起了对维护系统完整性、健壮性、甚至整体理解的担心。

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With normal software each object must be referenced via pointer chains to roots, preventing any semantic groupings and raising the question, “What is the atomic unit in this context?”

而在其它软件中，对象需要通过指针链来找到根对象，这导致语义分组无法使用，并引发这样的问 题：“在这种情况下，原子单位是什么？”

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That is one of the ways in which increasing a tax rate can reduce the total tax yield, thereby defeating the whole supposed object of the tax-raising exercise.

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