The methods measuring excitation energies and temperature of highly excited nuclear matter and their reliability have been summarized.
评述了高激发核的激发能及核温度的测量方法，以及这些测量方法的可靠性。
It will be fully exploited according the degree of freedom of excitation energy, angular momentum and isospin of the nuclear system.
它将在核系统的激发能、角动量和同位旋三个自由度深入进行。
We discuss the low-energy excitation of nuclear spins in quantum dots.
我们讨论了量子点中核自旋的低能激发问题。
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