The noxious air likely results from a combination of natural and man-made sources, said Bell.

Bell说，有害的空气很可能是由自然和人为双重因素造成的。

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When floating in the air, the tiny lung-damaging particles formed from coal's noxious sulphur emissions reflect sunlight back out into space before it has a chance to heat the surface.

煤炭中有毒的硫所释放的对肺有害的微小粒子漂浮在空中时，可以在地表被照热之前将阳光反射回太空。

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Noxious fumes poison the air.

有害的烟污染了空气。

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So too are many of the factory chimneys that help turn the city's rarefied air into noxious smog.

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The Pentagon's ultimate goal of creating a single network of sensors may also benefit state and local programs designed to monitor air pollution, noxious fumes and municipal water supplies, the report stated.

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Seoul's air, once famously noxious, is much improved, but South Korea lags at conservation.

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