The present work shows that the nonuniform thickness of solidified skin of slab created by the nonuniform cooling rate of the skin in the crystallizer is main cause for slab surface cracking.

试验结果得知，坯壳在结晶器内冷却不均，使坯壳凝固层厚薄不同，是铸坯产生表面裂纹的主要原因。

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Strains can be introduced by differential shrinkage, uneven cooling, or nonuniform flow.

株，可引入微分收缩，冷却不均匀，或不均匀流量。

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When the oxygen fuel ratio is too high, particle decarburization and binder phase nonuniform contract in the cooling process are the determining factors to the coating structure and properties.

氧燃比过高，粒子脱碳和黏结相在冷却过程中收缩不均匀是影响涂层结构和性能的决定因素。

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