There are two basic stages of yaws disease - early (infectious) and late (non-infectious).

雅司病有两个基本阶段：早期(有传染性)和晚期(无传染性)。

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Novavax, another American start-up, has had similarly promising results using “virus-like particles” (made of non-infectious viral proteins purged of genetic material).

美国另一家新型企业—诺瓦瓦克斯公司用类病毒物质（即未感染的病原蛋白，且去掉其遗传物质）得到了差不多的结果，都很有前景。

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Objective To prepare dipotassium glycyrrhizinate eye drops for the treatment of non-infectious ocular inflammation.

目的研制用于治疗非感染性眼部炎症的甘草酸二钾滴眼液。

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Researchers are also working on needle-less vaccines and jabs against non-infectious diseases such as certain cancers.

ECONOMIST: Big drugs companies see a bright future for vaccines

"Non-infectious vaccines would clearly provide a safeguard against this risk", said Dr Andrew Macadam, a virologist specialising in polio at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control in Hertfordshire.

BBC: Synchrotron yields 'safer' vaccine