The inertia friction welding process is a non-linear process because of the interaction between temperature field and material properties as well as friction force and thrust force.
焊接过程中的温度、材料热物性、摩擦力和顶锻压力的相互作用使焊接过程高度非线性。
This sudden change in the direction of the friction force made the system extremely non-linear and the solution process highly complicated.
摩擦力方向的这种突然改变使系统变得高度的非线性，求解十分复杂。
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