The result is a cell with completely new traits: a new phenotype.

其后果就是形成一个具有全新特性的细胞：也就是一个新的表现型。

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They respond to new signals, and act to help build new traits.

它们会对新的信号产生反应，开始构成新的生物特征。

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These genetic imprints can short-circuit evolution and pass along new traits in a single generation.

基因标记会在短时间内将新特性传递给下一代。

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Scientists long ago discovered, for example, how to give crop plants new traits by forcibly mating them with unrelated wild species known to contain natural pesticides, carcinogens, and anti-nutrients.

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Most small businesses cannot continue to fill the pipeline with new business without these traits.

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Which brings me to the second big problem: Monsanto has not been open enough in finding ways to let researchers study its genetic traits or invent new ones.

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