In a neutral atom, the protons in the nucleus are balanced by the electrons. An atom that has gained or lost electrons becomes negatively or positively charged and is called an ion.

在中性原子中，电子数和原子核的正电荷数相等，但有些原子可以拥有比原子核的正电荷更多或更少的电子，从而原子就带上负的或正的电荷，这类带电的原子称为离子。

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We suggest a novel trap of trapping a neutral atom with static electric field of four point charges, and discuss the quantum effects of the cold neutral atom in the trap.

用四个点电荷构造一个简单、新颖的静电势阱，并基于含时薛定谔方程和有限差分时间域方法，研究冷原子在该势阱中的量子力学效应。

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So we're going to feel a higher z effective in the case of the ion compared to the neutral atom.

因此，我们在离子中,会比在中性原子中感受到更高的有效核电量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So again, we should be able to check all of our formal charges and make sure they add up to 0, which they do, and that makes sense, because we have a neutral atom in terms of thionyl chloride.

因此同样地，我们可以检验一下,我们所有的形式电荷是否正确,确保它们加起来等于零，而它们确实是这样，这是合理的，因为亚硫酰氯是一个中性原子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Z Number of protons in the nucleus, this is number of protons in the nucleus, which in the neutral atom is equal to the number of electrons.

质子数。，Z，proton，number。,原子核中的质子数，这是原子核的质子数，在中性原子中，等于,电子数。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Although the probe would carry no cameras in the classic sense, its onboard instruments would include a low-energy charged particle experiment, a magnetometer, a cosmic ray detector, and an energetic neutral atom detector.

FORBES: Jump-Starting A Mission To Interstellar Space