Objective. To discuss the spinal presentation and treatment of paraganglioma, a rare tumor of the extra-adrenal paraganglia, derived from neural crest cells in sympathetic ganglions.
目的：本文旨在讨论脊柱神经节瘤的临床表现及治疗。神经节瘤起源于交感神经节的神经嵴细胞，为一少见的肾上腺外的副神经节肿瘤。
Artificial neural network (ANN); Tumor marker; Colorectal carcinoma; Diagnosis.
人工神经网络；肿瘤标志物；结直肠癌；诊断。
Challenges have been proposed to the classical theory of origin cells of glioma, since the successful researches on neural stem cells and tumor stem cells.
神经干细胞和胶质瘤干细胞的研究成功，对早有定论的胶质瘤起源细胞学说发出了挑战。
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