positive face and negative face 积极面子和消极面子
In this section, his Face-saving strategies are divided into a positive face and negative face with Brown and Levinson’s face saving theory.
这一部分中,首先是从布朗和莱文森的面子保全论来分析,将诸葛亮的面子保全策略分为正面面子和负面面子。
参考来源 - 诸葛亮言语交际策略的语用学研究As defined by them, face is "the public self-image claimed from others" and consists of "positive face" and "negative face".
根据他们的观点,面子作为“个人从公众那里获得的自身形象”包括正面子和负面子,而后者主要是指“个人行为自由以及个人意愿不受强加的自由”。
参考来源 - 以身份理论阐释中国文化中的面子现象Thus defined, the "negative face" seems to lose its explanatory power in Chinese culture. The interpretation of this notion, however, differs greatly.
如此定义的“负面子”概念似乎未能很好地解释中国文化中面子的概念,但是对于这一问题的看法,学界存在分歧。
参考来源 - 从农民的视角看中国文化中的面子概念·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
A negative face has an outward normal pointing in a direction opposite that of the positive x-axis.
负向的外法线指向与正x轴相反的方向。
Face can be divided into two kinds: positive face and negative face.
“面子”可分为“积极面子”和“消极面子”。
Persuasive business letters, with their imposition on the reader's negative face, require a certain degree of politeness.
说服性商务信函，因其对读信人消极面子的影响，对礼貌程度也有一定的要求。
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