在美国，大学的资助大致分为两种：奖学金（Merit Aid）和助学金（Need-Based Aid）。
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Need-Based Aid（按需资助）：此类助学金根据你在美学习的总费用决定，通常称为预期自付金额。
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总之，你选择的学校费用越高，你越可能获得「需要基础上的资助（need-based aid），尤其是有两三个孩子同时上大学时。 从会计的角度看，收入较难调整，但是资产可以调整。
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Need Based Aid 当财务需要是决定性因素时提供的财务援助
need-based financial aid 助学金 ; 基于需求的奖学金
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A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it.
一个复杂因素就是，奖学金深受不符合助学金申请条件的中层收入家庭的欢迎，甚至许多这样的家庭对其产生依赖。
For every additional dollar you make, you lose a certain amount of need-based aid.
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Families too wealthy for need-based aid are turning to the tax code to help pay the bill.
FORBES: 10.06.03, 7:00 AM ET
If a student will apply for need-based aid, consider federal aid rules before setting up a 529 as well.
WSJ: Last-Minute 529-Plan Contributions for College
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