With the help of Chiara Cirelli, who also works at the University of Wisconsin, Dr Tononi has created a mutant fruit fly that sleeps only two or three hours a night.

在威斯康星大学的同事凯拉奇莱利的帮助下，托诺尼博士创造了一种每晚只睡两到三小时的变异果蝇。

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These molecules enhanced the ability of the cells to dispose of mutant huntingtin in cell and fruit fly models and protect against its toxic effects.

三个分子都加强细胞和蝇处理突变的亨廷顿蛋白，保护细胞不受亨廷顿蛋白毒害。

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This is a rare brain disorder that is caused by an autoimmune response which destroys the human equivalents of the ion channels that are affected in the mutant fruit fly.

这种罕见的大脑疾病是由自体免疫[4]引起的。自体免疫破坏的人体中的离子通道蛋白与变异果蝇所缺少的那种蛋白相似。

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To nobody's surprise, therefore, though the mutant fly is capable of learning things, it forgets them within minutes.

ECONOMIST: Memory formation

When geneticists replaced one of the mutant fly genes by its homologous mouse gene the fly developed normal flies' eyes and not mouse eyes.

ECONOMIST: Genetic science

This is a rare brain disorder that is caused by an autoimmune response which destroys the human equivalents of the ion channels that are affected in the mutant fruit fly.

ECONOMIST: Memory formation