Enterprise system solutions nowadays commonly adopt a multi-layered system architecture, with separate layers for presentation, controller, application, domain, and persistence.

如今，企业系统解决方案一般采用多层的系统架构，包含用于表示、控制器、应用、领域，和持久性的分别的层。

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Therefore, the database system performance tuning and optimization, involving multi-layers, are vital for the whole system to be in normal operation.

因此，基于数据库系统的性能调整与优化对于整个系统的正常运行起着至关重要的作用。

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It is a common problem for the designer to exchange data in different layers and use which kind of granularity in multi-layers architecture software system.

在多层架构的分布式软件系统中，如何在层间交换数据，采用何种粒度的对象交换数据，是系统构建时经常遇到的问题。

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