Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand does not say.

然而，莫南德先生没有说，这是如何发生的。

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You can, Mr Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.

莫南德先生指出，你成为一名律师需要三年时间，成为一名医生需要四年。

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The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which "the producers of knowledge are produced".

莫南德先生总结道，改革高等教育的关键，在于改变 “培养知识分子 ” 的方式。

youdao

Mr Menand offers this story as one approach to the past, not as documented or demonstrable fact.

ECONOMIST: How the pragmatists changed the way Americans thought

You can, Mr Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.

ECONOMIST: The difficulties of an American doctoral student

How much real intellectual commerce was there between Mr Menand's chosen four or is the Cambridge club a handy narrative device?

ECONOMIST: How the pragmatists changed the way Americans thought