CCK-8s is one of the strongest endogenous anti-opioid substances and suppresses morphine tolerance which results from long term use of morphine.
CCK-8s是目前发现最强的内源性抗阿片物质,还可以降低长期应用吗啡所产生的吗啡耐受。
参考来源 - 福尔马林致痛对大鼠感觉传递通路神经元中CCK免疫反应性的影响·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
Nitric oxide, an intracellular messenger molecule linked to activation of N Methyl D aspartate(NMDA) receptor, plays a role in morphine tolerance and dependence.
一氧化氮（NO）是与N 甲基D 天（门）冬氨酸（NM DA）受体活性相关的一种细胞内信使分子，在吗啡耐受和依赖中起作用。
Morphine deadens pain by acting at nerve synapses, but it also activates glial cells, possibly worsening the drug's side effects, such as drowsiness, tolerance, worsening of pain, and addiction.
吗啡通过作用于神经突触来缓解疼痛，但它同时也兴奋了胶质细胞，可能也加剧了该药的副作用，如嗜睡，耐受，疼痛加剧和成瘾。
After a week of morphine use, its effectiveness decreases as patients build tolerance, and patients also experience negative side effects like addiction and constipation.
使用吗啡一周后，随着病人耐受其止痛效果随之降低，同时病人遭受着像成瘾和便秘的副作用。
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