Moral variation is best explained by assuming that morality, unlike science, is not based on reason or observation.

道德不像科学那样基于推理或观察，这一假设最好地解释了道德差异性。

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If moral relativism is true, morality can be regarded as a tool, and we can think about what we'd like that tool to do for us and revise morality accordingly.

假设道德相对主义是对的，道德观就可以被当成一个工具，我们可以想想用这个工具帮助我们做什么，以及如何相应地改进道德。

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Consequentialist moral reasoning locates morality in the consequences of an act, in the state of the world that will result from the thing you do.

结果主义道德推理将道德建立在一个行为的结果之上与你所作所为之后的外部世界的状态。

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Categorical moral reasoning locates morality in certain absolute moral requirements, certain categorical duties and rights, regardless of the consequences.

绝对主义道德推理认为,是否道德取决于特定的绝对道德准则，取决于绝对明确的义务与权利，而不管后果如何。

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This is what moral philosophers within our culture view as morality, notions of rights, of equality, of freedom.

这种文化中的,道德哲学家眼中的道德就是，对，平等，自由。

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Consequentialist moral reasoning locates morality in the consequences of an act, in the state of the world that will result from the thing you do.

后果主义道德推理,认为是否道德取决于行为的后果，取决于你的行为对外界所造成的影响。

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Haidt has tended to characterize conservative morality, resting on as it does on all five moral foundations, as more complex or in some sense full-bodied than liberal morality, which rests almost entirely on just the two individualizing foundations.

FORBES: The Moral Default Setting: Liberal or Conservative?

We need to be well-aware of the fact that equating winning with morality leaves a lot of moral failure unchallenged and unremarked.

FORBES: Winning Doesn't Take Care Of Everything For Tiger Woods--Or Anybody Else

As a means of rewaking morality in this climate of reduced moral sensibility, he says that we need to humanise our ethics, that is, to root it in human needs and values.

ECONOMIST: 20th-century history (2): ...then the ethics | The