This mechanism, complementing International Monetary Fund financing, has to be considered ultima ratio, meaning in particular that market financing is insufficient.

这一机制，再辅以IMF的援助，被认为是在市场资金不足情况下的最终解决办法。

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All told, the IBRC arrangements could have been considered monetary financing.

FORBES: Ireland's Promissory Note Deal

The ECB says a rollover would amount to illegal monetary financing.

ECONOMIST: Charlemagne

Mr Draghi knows that bond-buying alarms the Germans, who regard it as close to monetary financing of states, which is banned by the European treaty establishing the euro.

ECONOMIST: Central banks (1)