The monetary circulation in China has a history of about four or five thousands years.

我国货币的流通，大约已有四五千年的历史。

youdao

Since 1999, the launch and circulation of Euro has not only had far-reaching influence over international monetary system, but also becomes a corner stone in the process of European integration.

1999年以来，欧元的诞生及其在全世界范围内的流通，不仅对国际货币体系产生了深远的影响，而且已经成为欧洲一体化进程中最重要的里程碑。

youdao

This paper mainly to compare the differences discussed of currency definition, monetary functions, the law of money circulation, and thus deepen the understanding of monetary theory.

文章主要比较两者在货币定义、货币职能、货币流通规律三个方面的论述差异，从而更深刻地认识货币学说。

youdao

That is what it is now doing: Japan's monetary base (currency in circulation and banks' reserves at the Bank of Japan) grew by 23% in the year to January.

ECONOMIST: The yen

And if central bankers sought to control money, however defined, by targeting the monetary base cash in circulation and commercial-bank reserves held with the central bank they lost control of the short-term interest rate, which might move erratically and damage the economy.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus

The Canadian penny is being withdrawn from circulation because production costs have exceeded its monetary value.

BBC: Canada stops distribution of penny coin