(Also known as genetic engineering, molecular biology technology or cloning.) the collection of techniques that allow the purification, manipulation and use of genetic material.

(也称基因工程、分子生物学技术或克隆)纯化、处理和使用遗传材料的技术总和。

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Modern techniques for the study and manipulation of gene expression provide us with the tools to study the molecular pathology of the embryo.

同时，用于研究和操控基因表达的现代生物学技术为我们提供了从分子水平研究胚胎病理学的工具。

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Based on molecular biological techniques, plant genetic engineering and manipulation lead to a new and effective way for producing varieties resistant to diseases and insects.

建立在分子生物学技术基础上的植物基因工程操作，为抗病虫害作物品种的培育提供了一条崭新而有效的途径。

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