How does Kernel protect Mode Bits (PSW) from being modified by User Program?

如何保护内核模式位(PSW)被用户修改的程序？

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When the character following the file mode bits is a space, there is no alternate access method.

当跟随文件模式位的字符是空格时，就表示没有替换访问方法。

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The first layer of defense is that queries to the database always include the file type and mode bits from the real file on disk, not just the device and inode.

第一层防御是在数据库的查询中总是包含文件类型和来自磁盘上实际文件的模式位 (mode bits)，而不只包含文件的设备和 inode 号。

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