This dope is made by colophony liquid, minus ion powder and other materials, besmearing this dope on the cigarette high-penetrated molding paper or spraying in the silk ties to make the mouth stick.

该涂料由树脂液、负离子粉等材料配制而成，将该涂料涂布在卷烟高透成型纸上或喷洒在丝束上制成嘴棒。

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We can write out what it is for any certain atom or ion x, X so it's just x plus an electron gives us x minus.

我们可以用，X，来表示一个任意的原子或离子，因此可以写成，X，加一个电子等于负一价的。

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The experiments were made possible by a novel, one-layer ion trap cooled to minus 269 C (minus 452 F) with a liquid helium bath.

实验利用了一种单层离子势阱，并将其浸在液氦浴中冷却到零下269摄氏度。

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So, that also tells us that the n minus ion is less stable than the neutral atom itself.

而且，这还告诉我们,负一价的氮离子不如中性氮原子稳定。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.

那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

When you add this whole thing up, -411kJ/mol it gives you a net of minus 411 kilojoules per mole or about 4 eV per ion pair.

当你全部加上时，得到净能量,或者是4eV每个离子对。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选