EVERYTHING to do with mining is impressively vast. It is an industry that makes huge holes in the ground and relies on trucks with tyres the size of houses.

和矿业有关的事情都是巨大的，这个行业在地球上挖出大洞，用车轮和房子一样大的卡车运输。

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These include coal mining, quarrying, oil drilling, and the injection of wastewater into the ground.

这些活动包括采煤、采石、石油钻探和向地下注入废水。

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The valuations of mining firms fluctuate greatly along with the prices of the stuff they dig out of the ground, making it easy to overpay for them when times are good.

矿业公司估值受其产品价格波动的影响非常深。因此行情好的时候，矿业公司取得超额利润相当简单。

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These include increasing difficulties of mining far below the ground in the key producing nation of South Africa, as well as labor issues that mean higher costs and the threat of supply disruptions due to strikes.

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At that time, a small quantity of US shale oil was being unlocked by mining the rock out of the ground, trucking it to centralized plants, and heating the rock to release the hydrocarbons.

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The threat of a power shortage in the country, and thus a curtailment of electricity needed for mining that tends to occur far under the ground, has been an ongoing issue for a few years now.

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