Before the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), seals were generally made for practical uses such as identification. The Empress' Seal of the Han Dynasty.

明代（1368—1644年）以前，印章只是实用品，是人们在交往过程中表明身份的凭信工具。图为汉代的“皇后之玺”。

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From the three sovereigns to this period of the Ming dynasty han people wear clothing, referred to as hanfu.

从三皇五帝到明朝这一段时期汉民族所穿的服装，被称为汉服。

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The author thinks that game inside the judiciary field, Emperor Wudi of Han dynasty period judiciary display the judgement taking Ming and Qing dynasty judiciary.

笔者认为，经过这两类法官群体在汉武帝时期司法领域里的博弈，汉武帝时期的司法呈现出不同于学界通常以明清司法为视域而得出的判断。

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