Proxy authentication and authorization: the middle-tier server performs authentication.

代理身份验证和授权：中间层服务器执行身份验证。

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The app server manages the middle-tier components that perform most of the heavy lifting.

应用程序服务器管理中间层组件，这些组件负责执行大部分重头任务。

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Runtime patterns represent the major middle-tier nodes, their roles, and the interfaces between them.

运行时模式代表了主要的中间层节点、它们的角色以及它们之间的接口。

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But one potential contributing factor comes from a fascinating piece in National Affairs by Marc Dunkelman, who fears the winnowing out of so-called "middle-tier relationships" for the American citizen.

CNN: Is America becoming a house divided against itself?

Without these vibrant, heterogeneous "middle-tier" relationships, Dunkelman argues, it may simply be much harder to build the sense of public trust and unity that allows people to stand up to big challenges together.

CNN: Is America becoming a house divided against itself?

During the demonstration of RAD for the Server, Dave Mendlen, Visual Studio product planner, built what he called a "middle-tier business object" for a wine-selling Web site using six lines of code, an operation that he said would take "hundreds of lines of code" with the current version of Visual Basic 6.

CNN: Technology - Gates offers developers glimpse of Next Generation Windows