The compositions of the coatings were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (EDS), and the morphology of the coatings was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

采用能量色散x射线谱(EDS)分析得出镀层成分，利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察镀层形貌。

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Both the diffusion couple specimens and the alloys were examined by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis.

扩散偶和合金样品采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针显微分析技术进行分析。

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Reasons of failure in cooling pipe of the reactor have been studied by the chemical composition analysis, optical microscopy examination and electron probe microanalysis.

应用化学分析、金相和电子探针显微分析技术对反应器中冷却水管的失效原因进行了分析。

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