Soil organic matter is the product of microbial decomposition of plant and animal residues.

土壤有机质是微生物分解植物和动物残体的产物。

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Humus: Nonliving, finely divided organic matter in soil, derived from microbial decomposition of plant and animal substances.

腐殖质：土壤中无生命的、细小的有机物质。

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The toxic fractions are all removed through natural processes, you know, oxidation and photodegradation and things like that, microbial decomposition.

有毒物质经过氧化、光降解、微生物作用等自然过程被降级。但整个过程绝不是一夜之间、甚至几年的事。

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They will measure the amount of carbon, phosphate and nitrate in the soil, together with the rate of plant growth and microbial decomposition.

ECONOMIST: Global warming and the permafrost