根据常识规则,为探讨介入因素是否中断原因关系,他们主张区分原因(cause)与单纯条件(mere condition)。原因是指一组必然导致结果发生之所有条件中的一项条件,至于其他条件,则为单纯条件。
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Private ownership of elements is the indispensable but not the mere condition of exploitation.
要素私有权是剥削的必要条件,但并不是剥削的充分条件。
Some of them were encouraged with the reward of a sticker, others with the reward of verbal praise, while the remainder received no reward (a mere exposure condition).
部分是用贴纸作为奖励,另一些则是口头鼓励,而剩下的则没有奖励(只是给他们看到这些蔬菜)。
The change in market price or other economic condition that occurs upon the mere knowledge of something later that will cause the change.
指仅仅由于得知某种会造成变化的事件以后而引起的市场价格或其他经济条件发生变化的效应。
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