Babies who were in the uterus during the 1944 Dutch famine of World War II did worse on mental tests than those of similar ages even 60 years later.

1944年二战荷兰饥荒期间仍在子宫中的婴儿，在智力测试中的表现比同龄人差，哪怕出生后60多年也一样。

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The general factor explains most differences among individuals in performance on diverse mental tests.

不同人在各种智力测试中所取得的成绩是有差异的，而这些差异大多数都能用这种普适性因素得到解释。

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Scans to measure brain volume were carried out over the next ten years and mental tests were also run on participants.

在接下来的十年中，研究者们会定期扫描受测者的大脑体积，同时也会要求他们参加心理测试。

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Dr. Gow said previous research with the Lothian group suggested people who participated in more social and intellectual activities at age 70 and had better cognitive abilities were the ones who scored higher on mental ability tests at age 11.

WSJ: Exercise Might Beat Puzzles for Protecting the Aging Brain

In 1947, almost all 11-year-old children attending school in Scotland were given intelligence and mental-health tests.

WSJ: Exercise Might Beat Puzzles for Protecting the Aging Brain

The numeracy tests cover reading graphs and tables, as well as mental arithmetic questions including percentages and fractions.

BBC: Literacy and numeracy tests toughened for new teachers