We are painfully learning that the world’s mega-banks are too complex to manage, too big to fail and too hard to restructure.

我们痛苦地认识到世界上的大银行都过于复杂难于管理，太大而不能失败，太难而无法调整。

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HSBC's history is certainly remarkable. It is one of only two mega-banks that have remained independent for more than a century, avoiding a bail-out or state control (the other is Santander of Spain).

汇丰的历史无疑是显著的，它是仅有的两家保持了超过一个世纪独立性的大型银行(另一家是西班牙桑坦德银行)之一，避免了紧急援助或转国家控制。

youdao

Such knowledge can lead to excessive risk-taking and is one reason why Switzerland’s central bank has said the country’s two mega-banks may have to be cut down to size.

这样的认识会导致额外的风险并且也是为什么瑞士中央银行说其国家的两个大银行必须被削减规模的原因。

youdao

Interest rates hit 21.5%, a deep recession ensued with unemployment reaching 11%, the agricultural sector slid into depression, a bubble burst in the energy sector, the real estate industry collapsed, and third-world debt burdens nearly brought down the mega banks.

FORBES: The Inept Financial Reform Bill

Some fear the mega-banks will use TARP funds to acquire better-run, local institutions.

FORBES: New Geographer

Like other successful community bankers across the country, Bass believes that the mega-banks have been hopelessly tarred by TARP taxpayer funds.

FORBES: New Geographer