Its influence persists in the presence of family stressors such as the father's absence and maternal anxiety or depression.

若存在家庭压力，如父亲离家以及母亲焦虑或抑郁，严重体罚的影响就会持续下去。

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The researchers also adjusted their data to consider some factors that could influence a child’s intelligence and skew the results, such as maternal education and second-hand smoke.

研究者们也调整他们的数据考虑一些影响儿童智力的因素并调整结果，例如胎教和二手烟。

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The researchers also adjusted their data to consider some factors that could influence a child's intelligence and skew the results, such as maternal education and second-hand smoke.

研究者们也调整他们的数据考虑一些影响儿童智力的因素并调整结果，例如胎教和二手烟。

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In her much-discussed new book, "Origins: How the Nine Months Before Birth Shape the Rest of Our Lives, " Annie Murphy Paul describes the ever-expanding efforts of researchers to determine how maternal diet, weight, stress, exercise and other factors can influence fetal development.

WSJ: Erica Jong on the Madness of Modern Motherhood

Other factors such as maternal smoking at birth, having cats and dogs in the household and whether the child was breastfed also had an influence.

BBC: Doctors could predict which children are at risk of asthma