Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management.

工厂与工匠作坊不同，作坊学徒们与监督他们的师傅密切合作，而工厂将工人与管理人员严格区分开来。

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And if Coldplay are the masters of Glastonbury anthemia, Mumford are the apprentices.

如果酷玩乐队是格拉斯顿伯里花状平纹的大师，那么芒福德就是他们的学徒。

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The gentlemen in Beijing may not be the masters just yet. But one thing is certain: They are no longer the apprentices.

北京的绅士们现在或许还不是主人，不过有一点很确定：他们不再是学徒。

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The craftsmanship is passed on orally and through personal demonstration, or from one generation to another by masters teaching apprentices or relatives within a clan in accordance with strict procedures.

UNESCO: Culture

The technique is mainly passed from fathers to children or from masters to apprentices strictly following ancient Buddhist painting books that provide instruction on line and figure drawing, colour matching and pattern design.

UNESCO: Culture

Because few books or drawings existed at the time, apprentices would learn the trade by watching Masters and imitating them as closely as possible.

FORBES: Why Apprenticeships Are the Fastest Way to Acquire Skills