This fee has recently jumped, since the cost to insure the debt of developed countries has increased since the summer of last year, while the cost of insuring emerging market debt has fallen.

近来这种费用大幅飙升，原因是自去年夏季以来，针对发达国家债务的保险成本有所上升，而针对新兴市场债务的保险成本有所下降。

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Investors would not dream of paying a performance fee to traditional fund managers merely for matching the market return, yet they cheerfully reward private-equity managers for the same feat.

投资者绝不会在收益仅仅符合市场一般回报水平时向传统基金的经理人支付业绩提成，然而他们却欣欣然的在同样情况下，给予私募股权经理人以业绩提成。

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But in the 1990s Amex decided to push into the mainstream credit-card market, introducing no-fee credit CARDS to target less well-off customers.

但在二十世纪九十年代，美国运通决定进军主流信用卡市场，推出了面向中等客户的免手续费信用卡。

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And if it is a maker-taker market, now that customer would have to pay the taker fee when they trade on that market.

FORBES: Intelligent Investing

In a blah quarter for the stock market the company posted solid fee income, upped its annuity sales and reported asset inflows.

FORBES: Age of Aquarius

Prior to that time, all index funds to that point were beta-seeking products that followed the risk and return of a broad market, less a small fee.

FORBES: Investing in Style with Index Funds