Many rail firms enjoy a virtually captive market: trains are very good at moving commuters into and out of large cities; congestion on the roads means that many people have no real alternative.
很多铁路企业占据着垄断市场：乘火车进出一些大的城市方便快捷；而且公路上的拥堵也让人别无选择。
Shoup's solution to reducing congestion due to cruising — which he chronicles in his book The High Cost of Free Parking — begins by raising the cost of street parking to market value.
Shoup 博士在他的著作《免费停车的昂贵代价》中提出了解决由于泊车导致的交通问题的方案，他认为首先要提高街道停车费，并且完全由市场来决定。
Under the market environment and based on different trade patterns, the optimal models of congestion dispatch incorporating FACTS control is set up.
在电力市场的背景下，基于不同的交易模式，提出含有FACTS控制的电力系统阻塞调度的优化模型。
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