And so there's an upward bias to the stock market, contrary to what you may have seen recently.

所以对股票市场来说是有一种上涨的倾向，这和你们最近看到的情况相反。

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Sometimes, this atavistic tendency ends in tears, when it prompts us to act contrary to what is, on reflection, our self-interest. (Witness stock-market crashes, stampedes and tamagotchi.)

但是有时候这种原始性的行为倾向以悲剧告终——当它促使我们在经过考虑之后向着与自身利益相反的方向行动的时候(股票市场崩盘，一大群人惊慌奔逃和玩电子鸡游戏的现象都说明了这一点)。

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On the contrary, the market is constantly at work rewarding producers and consumers who turn as many costs as possible into externalities.

而且恰恰相反，市场在不断地鼓励制造商和消费者，尽可能的把越来越多的成本转嫁到外部。

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