The BBC's Mark Simpson, in Dublin, says the "Yes" camp feared people, angry with continuing austerity measures, would vote against the treaty to punish the government.

BBC: Ireland votes on EU fiscal pact

But the BBC's Ireland correspondent Mark Simpson says its passage is not assured, given the country's political system is in a state of chaos and filled with bitterness.

BBC: Talks due on Republic of Ireland election date

The BBC's Ireland correspondent Mark Simpson says there were three-hour delays on some major routes out of the city on Monday, and the Dublin Dart train service was suspended.

BBC: Heavy rain moves away after floods