abstract:Many-sorted logic can reflect formally our intention not to handle the universe as a homogeneous collection of objects, but to partition it in a way that is similar to types in typeful programming. Both functional and assertive "parts of speech" in the language of the logic reflect this typeful partitioning of the universe, even on the syntax level: substitution and argument passing can be done only accordingly, respecting the "sorts".
In order toformalize andverifythe protocol, BZL logicmodel is built, which basedonfirst-orderlogic and introducesmany-sorted, dynamicand non-monotonylogic.