Most volcanoes that occur in the interiors of plates are believed to be produced by mantle plumes, columns of molten rock that rise from deep within the mantle.

人们认为，大多数发生在板块内部的火山爆发都是由地幔柱造成的，地幔柱是指从地幔深处涌出的熔岩柱体。

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Then it is proposed that hydrogen is primary hot material in the mantle plumes.

从而提出，氢是地幔羽中的原始热物质。

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Characteristics and types of mantle plumes and their roles in the mineralization of Co-rich crusts are briefly introduced.

简单介绍了地幔柱特征、类型及其在富钴结壳成矿作用中的地位。

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Scientists speculate that the silicates stuck to the mantle might also be caught up in mantle convection and carried to the surface, accounting for reports of core material in lava erupting from hot, spot plumes, like those under Hawaii.

BBC: Earth's wobbles reveal deep secrets