As the population ages and health-care costs gallop ahead, mandatory spending will grow relentlessly, to 14% of GDP by 2021 (see chart) and much more thereafter.

随着人口的老龄化以及卫生保健成本的急速攀升，强制性支出会持续增加，到了2021年会达到GDP的14%(参见图表)，2021年后还会更多。

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As far as the bills at hand are concerned, many experts are calling for the House to drop its entitlement programmes, which make certain spending mandatory, and to direct the money to the Pell Grants.

就现有的这些提案来说，许多专家要求众议院放弃其中某些指定费用范围的专利计划，并把这些资金投进Pell Grants中去。

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Additionally, mandatory across-the-spending cuts triggered by a deadlock, while not set to take effect until FY 2013, will further weigh on the outlook for the US and global recoveries.

此外，由谈判僵局引发的强制性及全面的开支缩减计划，虽然要到2013年才会生效，但仍将进一步打压美国经济前景及全球经济复苏的步伐。

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The big pots of mandatory spending include such politically sensitive programs as Medicare, welfare and Medicaid.

CNN: By Andrew Taylor, CQ Staff Writer

The Budget proposes discretionary spending caps as well as restraints on new mandatory spending.

WHITEHOUSE: Testimony of Director Bolten

Roosevelt created programs that would morph into the biggest mandatory spending initiatives of the U.S. federal government.

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