As the population ages and health-care costs gallop ahead, mandatory spending will grow relentlessly, to 14% of GDP by 2021 (see chart) and much more thereafter.

随着人口的老龄化以及卫生保健成本的急速攀升，强制性支出会持续增加，到了2021年会达到GDP的14%(参见图表)，2021年后还会更多。

youdao

The big pots of mandatory spending include such politically sensitive programs as Medicare, welfare and Medicaid.

CNN: By Andrew Taylor, CQ Staff Writer

The Budget proposes discretionary spending caps as well as restraints on new mandatory spending.

WHITEHOUSE: Testimony of Director Bolten

Roosevelt created programs that would morph into the biggest mandatory spending initiatives of the U.S. federal government.

FORBES: Social Security Turns 75 And Still Can't Retire